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Natural Science Forum / Physics / Optics / October 2004



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alignment for free space laser comm.

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James Cheung - 29 Oct 2004 02:31 GMT
Hello:

Have you experienced difficulty in aligning the laser beam for free
space communication? I am building a system for 1Gbps. The laser diode
is Lasermate VCT-F85A41, which can be found at
http://www.lasermate.com/vctfa4x.htm.
The photodiode I am using is Truelight TMC-8D31-000. The sensitive
area is only 120um in diameter. The datasheet can be found at
http://www.truelight.com.tw/comm/upfile/p_021213_06900.pdf

I find the alignment has to be spot on. I am wondering whether it is
due to
1. small active area
2. ball lens on the photodiode TO-can focusing the laser beam to a
small diameter
3. sensitivity of the transimpedance amplifier being too low.

Is there any method to increase the numerical aperture of the
photodiode to make alignment easier?

Thank you very much!

James
Jamie Carter - 29 Oct 2004 15:17 GMT
Are you trying to align the laser to the photo-diode or are there some
optics in between? If so, you might try to describe these and we can
get at the problem. My guess is that the Receiver objective has a very
long focal length to get the needed collection aperture and maintain
the NA that is accepted by the photo-diode/ball lens combination.
Given this assumption, the field of view of the receiver will be very
very small.

This just sounds way too much like an application for which I did a
design and was never paid.

Good luck...

> Hello:
>
[quoted text clipped - 19 lines]
>
> James
James Cheung - 29 Oct 2004 16:58 GMT
Dear Jamie,

I am sorry for missing out the optical part.

There laser diode TO-can has a flat window. It goes through a multi lens
collimator
and then a multi lens beam expander. It transmits through 100m outdoor.
Then there
is a single bi-convex lens to focus the laser beam towards the ball lens
on the photo-
diode TO-can. The bi-convex lens diameter is 75mm. Its focal length is
about 180mm.
So you are right. I am wondering that the ball lens focuses the laser
beam to such a small
area that does not hit the photodiode active area.

Please share your experience. Thank you.

James

>Are you trying to align the laser to the photo-diode or are there some
>optics in between? If so, you might try to describe these and we can
[quoted text clipped - 35 lines]
>>James
>>    
matt - 30 Oct 2004 17:20 GMT
>Dear Jamie,
>
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
>
>James

at the distance you stated above, the 120um photodiode represents as a first
order approximation a +/- 0.15 arcsec target . There is no chance to
maintain your laser beam on that target without an active tip/tilt
correction employing a beamsplitter, quad cell , tip/tilt mirror and
actuators.

Even if the in between optics help somewhat, you're still far from any
reasonable mechanical stability that you can realistically achieve without
the tip/tilt. Your setup will be more sensitive to vibrations than a
seismograph .

best regards,
matt tudor
AES/newspost - 30 Oct 2004 22:08 GMT
> at the distance you stated above, the 120um photodiode represents as a first
> order approximation a +/- 0.15 arcsec target . There is no chance to
> maintain your laser beam on that target without an active tip/tilt
> correction employing a beamsplitter, quad cell , tip/tilt mirror and
> actuators.

Just as a side note on this topic, I attended a seminar on the Terabeam
point-to-point laser communications system a couple of years ago.   If a
Terabeam system is set up between upper floor windows in two office
buildings the tip-tilt (or pointing and tracking) system has to respond
to significant thermally induced building tilts as the sun comes up or
the day warms up, along with seismic events, traffic vibrations, tidal
forces near coastlines, and the like.

At the same time the control electronics also adjusts the transmitted
power and/or the receiver sensitivity to compensate for transmission
variations due to fog, clouds, or atmospheric pollution.

If the communications link is being used to transmit Internet traffic,
the units at both ends of the link are actually also on the Internet and
in continuous communication with Terabeam's home office, and all the
control signals involved in these active control systems are sent back
to Terabeam's home office and logged in real time.

In other words every Terabeam system functions not only as a
communications link, but also as a fairly sophisticated real-time
seismological and meteorological data collecting system, with all of the
data from Terabeam links all over the world being collected at Terabeam
headquarters.

I spoke with the speaker about this after the seminar.  He said that no
scientific workers were actually using this data (not at that time
anyway), but that Terabeam actually had seismologist and meteorological  
types on its staff who used this data to help design and improve their
systems.
matt - 29 Oct 2004 18:15 GMT
sounds like reinventing the wheel. It's been done by several companies, with
various grades of inventivity and success . You may even get cheap surplus
Terabeam systems or parts. They include a largish aperture reflector
Cassegrain , 2 axis stepper drive , quad photocell ,a tip/tilt correction
and on the transmitter side a beam expander .

best regards,
matt tudor

Jamie Carter wrote in message
<4b78e1a9.0410290617.568fe47f@posting.google.com>...
>Are you trying to align the laser to the photo-diode or are there some
>optics in between? If so, you might try to describe these and we can
[quoted text clipped - 32 lines]
>>
>> James
 
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