Natural Science Forum / Physics / Particle Physics / September 2005

Really? Gee maybe I have to read the entire book after all.
I hope someone with good knowledge in classical electrodynamics
can help analyze his "geometric scheme". In the following is
chapter 1 and 2 which gives complete details of how the EM
vector can be allegedly made into geometric cubes that form
particles. I start with chapter 2 which details the cube
construction. Chapter 1 details how the properties such as spin,
rest mass, charges are made from the geometric confinement.
(To Lockyer, don't worry I won't post other chapters. Just this
crucial first two for our scrutiny)

Lockyer wrote:

Chapter 2

THE NATURE OF LEPTONS
THE SHAPE OF PARTICLE MODELS

To preserve the orthogonal arrangement that exists between the
(E) and (H) photon field vectors, the particle models are
constructed in the form of vector cube frameworks. This form
factor is admirably suited to scaling of nested cubes, and
forming the composite proton, neutron, pion and muon models.
Setting vector lengths equal to wavelengths allows the cube
particle geometry to show that subatomic particles spin at
(1/2 h bar) with charge e.

RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING BASIC PARTICLES

Figure 1.2
http://members.aol.com/thomasl283/PHOTONmodel.gif

showed that the wavelength rate of vector growth will
change from zero to the e and back twice each cycle. The calculus
of related rates can be used to show that absolutely perfect cube
structures form, as the length rate of each member changes at
exactly 'c'. Equation (2.1) calculus demonstrates that the cube
face perimeter ceases to change, when side rates of length change
are all (simultaneously) equal.

Perimeter P = 2(x + y) : dP/dt= 2 [dx/dt + dy/dt]

setting dP/dt = 0  then dx/dt = - dy/dt

In Equation (2.1) the perimeter will stablize when (x)(S)
Poynting vectors and attached (v) (E) electric or (H) magnetic
vectors are exactly the same length at exactly the velocity of
light. Visualize the (E), (H) and (S) rate of change going from
(and to) the peak 1.414 c value, so they will instantaneously and
simultaneously have exactly the same wavelength when the time
rate of both is exactly the rms velocity of "c". At the resulting
precise pair energy the vecto rs connect, one to the other,
forming int o the cube structures. By assuring vector directions
going into and out of each (S) vector edge, only the three known
lepton pairs can form. This immediately establishes a boundary
condition on the number of basic leptons possible, and the
particle models are naturally self-limiting. The resulting
electron and neutrino structures are shown in Figure 2.1.

http://www.pbase.com/image/46224915/original    Figure 2.1

Anticipating later results, the Figure 2.1 models are labeled as
the leptons they mimic. The electron and positron have a
structure that adds the momentum of the photons in their front
and back cube faces, as the mechanism for particle spin. In
Chapter 1. Equation (1.5), it was shown that particle mass
(energy) is exactly equal to the energy stored in the spill
angular momentum. The electron and positron models immediately
have acquired mass by virtue of their spin. The anti-particle
conjugation is revealed as having an (E) where the mate has an
(H) and the reverse. In Figure 2.1, the model labeled "Electron
Type Neutrino" does not show a conjugate. The electron type
neutrino is its on anti-particle, by a space rotation of 180
degrees about any axis. Electron type neutrinos, being their own
anti-particle, have profound effect when we construct the
composite proton and neutron model. The muon type neutrino shows
an anti-particle. Pair production is modeled as a breaking apart
of a photo n fireball, and annihila tion as recombining of
vectors, back into the photons.

It should be noted here, that these models were given
automatically by the modeling process, not invented. The models
are ALL constructed (blindl)) by simply combining the energy
model in all possible ways. In fact, any average student could
show the structure of the electron, positron, electron type
neutrino, and muon type neutrino pair, by simply combining the
energy model in all possible ways. This is the way particles must
be 9 created in nature, automatically and precisely. In Chapter I
the balancing of forces for pair production of the electron and
positron were given ill Equations (1.1), (1.2) and (1.3). This is
now shown schematically in Figure 2.3

http://members.aol.com/thomasl283/pairsep.gif         Figure 2.3

The pair production is possible because the strength of the near
field opposing magnetic moments exceeds that of the enormous
electric attraction. Forces balance at the null distance shown
and calculated in Equation (1.3).

Neutrino pairs have never been seen to annihilate. The
theoretical reason in these models, is that neutrinos do not
move, when energy is applied. Neutrinos' unique structures are
postulated to force them to get smaller, rather than move, when
energy is applied, and this provides for the scaling of the
nested cubes, forming the composite proton, neutron, moon and
pion.

In the next chapter, the two types of neutrino characteristics
will be discussed in detail.

CHAPTER 1
THE NATURE OF ENERGY

SETTING THE STAGE

Particle are photo produced in pairs, from electromagnetic
energy (photons). For example, the creation of the electron
positron pair is the product of photon energy, in the presence
of matter. The matter serves to turn the photons back into a
fireball and to reduce the energy to the exact energy required
for electron-positron creation. Fig 1.1 dramatically shows a
typical cloud chamber record of the photo production of the
electron-positron pairs.

http://members.aol.com/thomasl283/photopair.gif   Figure 1.1

In Figure 1.1 three
electron-positron pairs were created by 330MeV energy (x-ray)
photons in the presence of a lead (matter) target. The target
lead plate serves to Compton scatter the x-ray photons, reducing
fireball energy to the required (1.0121998 Mev) electron pair
energy to form each of the pairs. An external magnetic field
serves to separate and measure the pair characteristics. It
can be shown that the pairs form, at their exact and exclusive
energy, on account of the balance between non linear electric
and magnetic forces, each that vary at different rates.

BALANCING FORCES FOR PAIR PRODUCTION

A newly created electron and
positron will have an enormous electrostatic attraction due to
the formation of their negative and positive charges. The pair
develops their positive and negative attractive charges as they
spin up in the same direction. By spinning in the same direction,
the (negative) electron and (positive) positron, develop internal
charge currents. that create magnetic moments that oppose. In the
near field, the opposing magnetic force (Ue-, Ue+ ) varies
inversely as the fourth power of the separation, and thus is
larger than the attracting electric (e-,,e+) force, which only
varies inversely as the square of the same separation distance
(m), Equations (I.1) and (1.2).

(Eo is permittivity, Uo is permeability of vacuum)

Fe = [e^2/4piEo(m^2)]  Electric force, Newton (1.1)

Fu = [2UoUe-(Ue+]/2pi(m^4) Magnetic force, Newton  (1.2)

In Equation (1.3) we combine (Fe) (Fu) and solve for a common
separation distance (m) where electric and magnetic forces
will be equal (null). The result is a separation distance (m).

m = Sqrt [4UoEoUe-Ue+/e^2]
m = 3.86607074 x 10^-13

Equations (El), (1.2) and (1.3) demonstrate that it is possible
for the (e-,e+) pairs to form and then separate, by magnetic
moments ( Ue-,Ue+ ) despite the enormous (e- ,e+) electric charge
attractions. Were it not so, matter, as we know it. could not
exist.

THE ENERGY MODEL

As demonstrated in Figure 1.1, (photon fireballs) with an energy
twice the electron's rest mass energy, (1.021998 MeV) can create
the electron-positron pair. It will now be shown that the
electron's rest mass energy is entirely the energy stored (Joule
seconds) in the spin angular momentum and that the angular
momentum conserves that photon's linear momentum exactly.
Equations (I.4), (1.5) and (1.6)

spin = h/4pi = J(sec)/4pi = Rm(me)c            (1.4)

Where: Rm = mass radius [wavelengthc/4pi]
    me = electron mass
    c = velocity of light
    sec = total time (wavelength@e/c)

finally J = me(c^2)                  (1.5)

Energy of photon. Jp = h fe = hc / wavelength@e

Momentum of photon = P = Jp/c

Then P Rm = h wavelength@e / wavelength@e 4 pi = h /4 pi  check (1.6)

Equation (1.4) gives the source of the quantized (h /47r) spin
angular momentum as simply the mass (Me,) times the radius of
gyration (wavelength/4pi) times a velocity of gyration (c). Using
the electron's mass and the velocity of light gives us a mass
radius equal to one half of the electron's rationalized Compton
wavelength or (wavelength/4pi). This value will also be obtained
and verified from the electron model. See Chapter 4.   In
Equation (1.5) the algebra shows that the entire rest mass energy
is stored in the spin angular momentum. Equation (I.6) shows that
the linear momentum, of the photon energy that created the
electrons, is conserved in the resulting spin angular momentum.
Figure 1.2. shows the model for the photon derived from a
schematic for a traveling wave of electromagnetic energy, as a
dynamic Poynting vector representing wavelength, not amplitude.

http://members.aol.com/thomasl283/PHOTONmodel.gif    Figure 1.2

The waveform is a sinusoid, and undulates, from peak wavelength
to zero twice each cycle, but must conserve energy over all time.
This is accomplished by an exchange of energy, in the
relativistic frame, between the two conjugate electromagnetic
resonances. In free space. the ratio between electric field
strength (E = volt per meter) and magnetic field strength (H=
Ampere per meter) is equal to the impedance of the vacuum (Zo),
Equation (1.7).

E = V/m ; H = A/m; Zo = Sqrt (Uo/Eo) = E/H = kg.m.s^-3.A^-1/A.m^-1

Zo = 376.7303135.kg.m^2.s^-3.A^-2 (Ohm)

There is a resonant exchange of energy that dithers between the
permeability (Henry per meter) (Uo) and the permittivity (Farad
per meter) (Eo) of the vacuum, in the same fashion as a (LC)
resonant circuit. Referring to Figure 1.2, the action perfectly
conserves the energy (straight lines the quantity) by shifting
the energy from the lateral to axial, and back again as the
photon travels, inch worm style at the rms velocity of light. The
energy is conserved by the well-known trigonometric identity
sin^2 theta + cos^2 theta = 1), which, for the two conjugate
resonances of Figure 1 ,2. becomes Equation (I.8).

VPP = 0.5 [sin^2 theta E.H) = (cos^2 theta H.E)]

Notice that the energy loss by the lateral (sine) is gain by the
axial (cosine) and the reverse. This well-known action, by a
resonant circuit, conserves the energy (over all time). The
energy maintains a constant value, regardless of the angle (0) by
an electric to magnetic and magnetic to electric energy exchange.
The motion of the photon is (thus) discontinuous as the energy
cycles between lateral top dead center and the axial development,
so that the velocity of light is a rms (root mean square) value
from zero to -T2. c . The photon energy model (Figure 1.2) forms
the basis for Quantum Vector Particle Physics (QVPP). This will
have profound effect when we construct leptons directly, from the
photon energy model, in the next chapter.

I had the same problem.  I'll repeat what I just posted below:

Yes he does:  Here is a repost of something I just tried to post.

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Not deep enough.

Thanks, you made me have to hunt down that other .gif of his where
Tom introduces the deuteron binding energy into the equations to derive
the "undamped magnetic moment" variables, from which he pulls out the
deuteron binding energy.  I found it, it is:

http://members.aol.com/tnlockyer/PNSTRONG.gif .  Look in the VARIABLES LIST
and you'll see him introduce it to define "C", a term of some quadradic.
He doesn't even try to hide it; in fact he writes in bold type "We use the
known binding [energy?] of the deuteron and quadradic to find Upm and Unm
undamped mag moments".

Then he defines C as e^4/(64*pi^2*E0^3*U0*(2.224573E6)^2).  The
2.224573E6 term is the deuteron's binding energy in electron volts.
(I'll ignore the incorrect units here)

Then he goes off and creates a quadradic with this C as a term (but he
flubs some signs) and solves it to get these Upm and Unm values.
Now remember the identity I told you about in my last post?  Multiply
the two roots of a quadradic equation and you get C/A.  The way he flubs
the sign it's best to consider the unmentioned A term as -1 because of how
he writes the term under the square root sign when defining Upm and Unm.
This term should be B^2-4*A*C.  He writes B^2+4*C.  Again because how
he writes the quadradic terms he winds up flipping the sign of Upm but
the sign of Unm is correct.  (remember the denominator is 2*A)

C/A = -C but because he flipped the sign of Upm, the flip and minus cancel
out and thus Upm*Unm = C. So whereever you see the roots Upm and Unm
multiplied together you can replace them by C, or his definition of C
above, which includes the deuteron's binding energy!  Now look at
http://members.aol.com/tnlockyer/pnbind.gif and in the equation where he
solves for Bpn, replace the (Up*Un) term with C, or the e^4/(64*pi^2....)
definition of C.  Voila! lots of terms cancel and we get Bpn =
e^2/sqrt(e^4/(2.224573E6)^2) or e^2/(e^2/(2.224573E6)) or ta-da! the
2.224573E6 he introduced at the start. Notice that had he started with 1,
pi, e, googol or whatever instead of 2.224573E6 he would have pulled out
that very same number instead.

Classic x=x proof.  Much more sophisticated than most of his others.
I'm surprised you didn't catch it.