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Natural Science Forum / Physics / Particle Physics / July 20074 dimensions should be in Einstein's unified theory
Einstein wanted "the unified field theory". I believe that there is a real unified theory. But the meaning of "unified" in Einstein is the "classified" for me. For Einstein, the dimension is only 4 ( space and time). He allowed the 5th dimension as something like "Accessory" I can show an example of "classified approach". There are many theories to unify every mechanism. They say that there are 10 dimensions in the world. Or somebody say that there are 5, 11, 26 dimensions in the world. I noticed that there are empirical relations using by adding number " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)". 5 = 4 + 1 = 4 + 4 x ( 4 - 4 +1) / 4 10 = 4 + 6 = 4+ 4 x (4 - 2 +1) / 2 11 = 4 + 1 + 6 = 4 + 4 x ( 4 - 4 +1) / 4 + 4 x (4 - 2 +1) / 2 26 = 4 + 6 + 16= 4 + 4 x (4 - 2 +1) / 2+ 4 x (4 - 1 +1) / 1 N is the classified number related with the symmetry. N=4 space, N=2 electron, N=1 neutrino Maybe N =3 is quark. 4 x (4 - N +1) / N= 8 / 3 Quark is related with 8. So explaining electrons and space, there needs 11 dimensions. Explaining electrons and neutrino, there needs 26 dimensions. Summary: The meaning of "unified" in Einstein is the "classified" for me. The dimension is only 4 ( space and time). Any other dimensions are something like "Accessory". The example of calculation about "Accessory" is shown here. > Summary: > The meaning of "unified" in Einstein is the "classified" for me. > The dimension is only 4 ( space and time). > Any other dimensions are something like "Accessory". What Einstein did was new answer for "what the dimension is?". External dimensions should be 4 ( space and time). There needs new answer for "what the dimension is?". My answer is that every particles are one kind of dimensions. The difference are the number of internal dimensions. Example of calculating internal dimensions: " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)". Consindering the four points in the circle,...... I want to submit a formal report and not wright here. If you have interests in my messages, recommend me to the journal, please > > Summary: > > The meaning of "unified" in Einstein is the "classified" for me. > > The dimension is only 4 ( space and time). > > Any other dimensions are something like "Accessory". Example of calculating "Accessory".: " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)". Consindering the four points on the circle. N (N= 1,2,3,4) points which adjoins make the group. Here, the points in the group are counted in one. So there are (4 - N + 1) points. The number of making the groups are 4. And there are 4 x (4 - N + 1) points. The repetition in the couting is N. So " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)". It is difficult to explain without picture. How to make sure the meanings of "(4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)". Electron: 0.51099906MeV Muon:105.6MeV Tauon:1776.99 MeV So, Muon/Electron = 206.6540005 Tauon/Electron= 3477.481935 Here, considering that leptons have 6 internal variables. The factorial number of Integration shuould be 7. (2 x 1.07) ^ 7 = 205.54 (3 x 1.07) ^7 = 3511.8 1.07 is correction coefficient. Next, (4 x 1.07) ^7 x 0.51MeV = 13.4GeV (5 x 1.07) ^7 x 0.51MeV = 64.1GeV Are there any particles near the above energy area? About "Heavy Charged Lepton Searches" My assumption is not denied entirely. Please read next pdf file. http://ccwww.kek.jp/pdg/2006/listings/s025.pdf N=1 then 4 x (4 - N + 1) / N = 16 W boson:80.2GeV Electron: 0.51099906MeV W boson/Electron = 156947.4511 Here, assuming that neutrino have 16 internal variables. The factorial number of Integration shuould be 17. (2x1.01) ^ 17 = 155229.1504 1.01 is correction coefficient. (3x1.01) ^ 17 = 78TeV. It is impossible to measure now. About the "classified approach", The dimension is only 4 ( space and time). But there are internal dimensions like "Accessory". " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)". N=1 neutrino, (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N) = 16 N=2 electron, (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N) = 6 N=4 the space, (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N) = 1 If explaining the space, electron and neutrino, 27 = 4 + 16 + 6 + 1 There needs 27 dimensions. The first 4 dimensions should be shared.(space and time). Here, N=3 quark, (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N) = 8/3 If explaining electron and quark, three quarks should be one set. 26 = 4 + 6 + 8/3 x 3 +(4+4). But there should be another two sets of unshared 4 dimensions. (4+4) There needs 26 dimensions again. Summary: In "the unified field theory", there needs the varuious number of dimensions. In "classified approach", the number of dimensions can be changed. > About the "classified approach", > [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > N=2 electron, (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N) = 6 > N=4 the space, (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N) = 1 For me, "Accessory" is "local hidden variables" in the particles. It means that EVEN the SPACE have one local hidden variable too. This hidden variable in the space is related with planck's constant. It is not coincidence that "Light Quantum" was discovered by Einstein. In Bell's theorum, local hidden variables are only in the PARTICLES The same interference from the space occur at the observation. Thank you for sending me E-mails. > The same interference from the space occur at the observation. My Comment: About explaining what is happened at the observation, there needs the third discovery of Einstein. His third discovery is resulted in the "transport equations". It is not true that the transport equations was completed. There needs the basic modification in "the transport equations". http://springerlink.metapress.com/content/1777121921147t22/?p=1d503851d27a4dc1ae 69856851808c04&pi=63 My Comment 2: U-situation: usual situation R-situation: reaction situation In R-situation, There needs the transformations between electrical and chemical potential energy. This transformation is similar with gauge transformation. Thank you for reading. > This hidden variable in the space is related with planck's constant. Please imagine the center of the planet. If there are same acceleration from every directions, there are no acceleration from any directions. This acceleration is related with the mass and scale of the universe. We are in the center of the universe. But when there are no exact zero meter points, angular momentum should not be zero. Planck's constant is angular momentum. I think that this is the real meaning of planck's constant. How to make sure this assumption: I believe Einstein, but there are limitations in GR. I can not believe the black hole. In the center of very heavy planet, planck's constant may be changed. Then we can avoid the black hole. > This hidden variable in the space is related with planck's constant. Please imagine the center of the planet. If there are same acceleration from every directions, there are no acceleration from any directions. But when there are no exact zero meter points, angular momentum should not be zero. We are in the center of the universe. There should be acceleration which is related with the mass and scale of the universe. Planck's constant is angular momentum caused from the universe. I think that this is the real meaning of planck's constant. How to make sure this assumption: I believe Einstein, but there are limitations in GR. I can not believe the black hole. In the center of very heavy planet, planck's constant may be changed. Then we can avoid the black hole which can be dissapeared before the birth. About photon, (4 x (4 - 3 + 1) / 3) x ( 4 x (4 - 2 + 1) / 2) = 16 There needs 16 internal dimensions. This value is the same with that of neutrino. Explanation: The four points on the circle means the (+, +, +, - ) Minkowski space. N points which adjoin make the group. And this group means Hilbert space. N=4: 3-dimensions in Hilbert space. N=3: 2-dimensions in Hilbert space. N=2: 1-dimension in Hilbert space. Minkowski space can be constructed from the 4 sets of Hilbert space. The repetation in the counting internal dimensions is N times. 4 x (4- N +1)/ N And next, Quark(N=3) feels strong power, electric power and weak power. Lepton(N=2) feels electric power and weak power. Neutrino(N=1) feels only weak power. # Gravity force is from the curve of the space (N=4). These power needs boson related with N. Photon is constructed from rotation and divergence. Rotation is related with 2-dimensions. (N=3) Divergence is related with 1-dimensions. (N=2) It is too difficult to explain without picture. My other comments: About the consciousness, N = 0 : No symmetry (The brain have fractal structure) Internal dimensions become 4x5/0 (infinite) Before the birth of the universe, 0 point on the circle: It means something between 0 Hilbert dimension and nothing. Please forgive me for bad English. Summary of "Classified Approach" 1. What is the "Classified Approach" The dimension should be 4 ( space and time) in Einsten's unified theory. Any other dimensions in each particles unshared with each other. Adding next number, 5,10,11,26,27 dimensions can be explained. " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)". N=1 neutrino, N=2 lepton, N=3 quark, N=4 space 2. Merits of "Classified Approach" Compared with "Unified Field Theory", No confusions about the number of dimensions occur. It dose not mean the denial of "Unified Field Theory", In the deeper level, the difference may be not "intrinsic". 3. The details of my "Classified Approach" The four points on the circle : Minkowski space. Adjoined N points: (N-1) Hilbert dimensions " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)": internal dimensions avoiding repetation Mathematics is still not completed. Please do it, if you want. 4. Any other discussions 4.1 What is the internal dimensions Space and time are shared 4-dimensions. Internal dimensions are unshared dimensions. They can be "local hidden variables" . 4.2 One internal dimension in the space 4 x (4 - 4 + 1) / 4 = 1 This internal dimension seems to be "global constant". Planck's constant is the candidate. Then the same interference from the space occur at the observation. It means that the global interaction can be denied. 4.3 What is happened at the observation. This question is "What is QM?" Answer should be from classical thermodynamics. Or there remains dissatisfaction for understanding. At the observation, particles can be carriers. But not at the observation, particles can not be effective carriers. There should be transformations when non-carriers become carriers. It means that there are modifications in transport equations. The details will be published soon. (I will write address here.) Good bye Summary of "Classified Approach" 1. What is the "Classified Approach" The dimension should be 4 in Einsten's unified theory. Any other dimensions are unshared in each particles . Adding numbers, 5,10,11,26,27 dimensions can be calculated. " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)". N=1 neutrino, N=2 lepton, N=3 quark, N=4 space 2. Merits of "Classified Approach" Compared with "Unified Field Theory", No confusions about the number of dimensions occur. It dose not mean the denial of "Unified Field Theory", In the deeper level, the difference may be not "intrinsic". 3. The details of my "Classified Approach" The four points on the circle : Minkowski space. Adjoined N points: (N-1) Hilbert dimensions " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)": internal dimensions avoiding repetation Mathematics is still not completed. I am very glad, if you can tell me "I want to complete". 4. Any other discussions 4.1 What is the internal dimensions Space and time are shared 4-dimensions. Internal dimensions are unshared dimensions. They can be "local hidden variables" . 4.2 One internal dimension in the space 4 x (4 - 4 + 1) / 4 = 1 This internal dimension seems to be "global constant". Planck's constant is the candidate. Then the same interference from the space occur at the observation. It means that the global interaction can be denied. 4.3 What is happened at the observation. This question is "What is QM?" Answer should be from classical thermodynamics. Or there remains dissatisfaction for understanding. At the observation, particles can be carriers. But not at the observation, particles can not be effective carriers. There should be transformations when non-carriers become carriers. It means that there are modifications in transport equations. The details will be published soon. MMMS no.3 vol.3 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/vsp/mmms See you later Summary of "Classified Approach" 1. What is the "Classified Approach" The dimension should be 4 in Einstein's unified theory. Any other dimensions are unshared in each particle. Adding numbers, 5,10,11,26,27 dimensions can be calculated. " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)". N=1 neutrino, N=2 lepton, N=3 quark, N=4 space 2. Merits of "Classified Approach" Compared with "Unified Field Theory", No confusions about the number of dimensions occur. It dose not mean the denial of "Unified Field Theory", In the deeper level, the difference may be not "intrinsic". 3. The details of my "Classified Approach" The four points on the circle: Minkowski space. Adjoined N points: (N-1) Hilbert dimensions " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)": internal dimensions avoiding repetition Mathematics is still not completed. I am very glad, if you can tell me "I want to complete". 4. Any other discussions 4.1 What are the internal dimensions? Space and time are shared 4-dimensions. Internal dimensions are unshared dimensions. They can be "local hidden variables" . 4.2 One internal dimension in the space 4 x (4 - 4 + 1) / 4 = 1 This internal dimension seems to be "global constant". Planck's constant is the candidate. Then the same interference from the space occur at the observation. It means that the global interaction can be denied. 4.3 What is happened at the observation? This question is "What is QM?" Answer should be from classical thermodynamics. Or there remains dissatisfaction for understanding. At the observation, particles can be carriers. But not at the observation, particles can not be effective carriers. There should be transformations when non-carriers become carriers. It means that there are modifications in transport equations. The details will be published soon. MMMS no.3 vol.3 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/vsp/mmms See you later Summary of "Classified Approach" 1. What is the "Classified Approach" The dimension should be 4 in Einstein's unified theory. Any other dimensions are unshared in each particle. Adding numbers, 5,10,11,26,27 dimensions can be calculated. " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)". N=1 neutrino, N=2 lepton, N=3 quark, N=4 space 5 = 4 + 1 = 4 + 4 x ( 4 - 4 +1) / 4 10 = 4 + 6 = 4+ 4 x (4 - 2 +1) / 2 11 = 4 + 1 + 6 = 4 + 4 x ( 4 - 4 +1) / 4 + 4 x (4 - 2 +1) / 2 26 = 4 + 6 + 16= 4 + 4 x (4 - 2 +1) / 2+ 4 x (4 - 1 +1) / 1 26 = 4 + 1 + 6 + 16 2. Merits of "Classified Approach" Compared with "Unified Field Theory", No confusions about the number of dimensions occur. It dose not mean the denial of "Unified Field Theory", In the deeper level, the difference may be not "intrinsic". 3. The details of my "Classified Approach" The four points on the circle: Minkowski space. Adjoined N points: (N-1) Hilbert dimensions " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)": internal dimensions avoiding repetition Mathematics is still not completed. I am very glad, if you can tell me "I want to complete". 4. Any other discussions 4.1 What are the internal dimensions? Space and time are shared 4-dimensions. Internal dimensions are unshared dimensions. They can be "local hidden variables" . 4.2 One internal dimension in the space 4 x (4 - 4 + 1) / 4 = 1 This internal dimension seems to be "global constant". Planck's constant is the candidate. Then the same interference from the space occur at the observation. It means that the global interaction can be denied. 4.3 What is happened at the observation? This question is "What is QM?" Answer should be from classical thermodynamics. Or there remains dissatisfaction for understanding. At the observation, particles can be carriers. But not at the observation, particles can not be effective carriers. There should be transformations when non-carriers become carriers. It means that there are modifications in transport equations. The details will be published soon. MMMS no.3 vol.3 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/vsp/mmms 4.4 My other comments About consciousness, N = 0 : No symmetry (The brain have fractal structure) Internal dimensions become 4x5/0 (infinite) Before the birth of the universe, 0 point on the circle: between 0 Hilbert dimension and nothing. Sincerely yours Summary of "Classified Approach" 1. What is the "Classified Approach" The dimension should be 4 in Einstein's unified theory. Any other dimensions are unshared in each particle. Adding numbers, 5,10,11,26,27 dimensions can be calculated. " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)". N=1 neutrino, N=2 lepton, N=3 quark, N=4 space 5 = 4 + 1 = 4 + 4 x ( 4 - 4 +1) / 4 10 = 4 + 6 = 4+ 4 x (4 - 2 +1) / 2 11 = 4 + 1 + 6 = 4 + 4 x ( 4 - 4 +1) / 4 + 4 x (4 - 2 +1) / 2 26 = 4 + 6 + 16= 4 + 4 x (4 - 2 +1) / 2+ 4 x (4 - 1 +1) / 1 27 = 4 + 1 + 6 + 16 2. Merits of "Classified Approach" Compared with "Unified Field Theory", No confusions about the number of dimensions occur. It dose not mean the denial of "Unified Field Theory", In the deeper level, the difference may be not "intrinsic". 3. The details of my "Classified Approach" The four points on the circle: Minkowski space. Adjoined N points: (N-1) Hilbert dimensions " (4 x (4 - N + 1) / N)": internal dimensions avoiding repetition Mathematics is still not completed. I am very glad, if you can tell me "I want to complete". 4. Any other discussions 4.1 What are the internal dimensions? Space and time are shared 4-dimensions. Internal dimensions are unshared dimensions. They can be "local hidden variables" . 4.2 One internal dimension in the space 4 x (4 - 4 + 1) / 4 = 1 This internal dimension seems to be "global constant". Planck's constant is the candidate. Then the same interference from the space occur at the observation. It means that the global interaction can be denied. 4.3 What is happened at the observation? This question is "What is QM?" Answer should be from classical thermodynamics. Or there remains dissatisfaction for understanding. At the observation, particles can be carriers. But not at the observation, particles can not be effective carriers. There should be transformations when non-carriers become carriers. It means that there are modifications in transport equations. The details will be published soon. MMMS no.3 vol.3 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/vsp/mmms 4.4 My other comments About consciousness, N = 0 : No symmetry (The brain have fractal structure) Internal dimensions become 4x5/0 (infinite) Before the birth of the universe, 0 point on the circle: between 0 Hilbert dimension and nothing. This message was wrote for sending an E-mail. At the observation, particles can be carriers. But not at the observation, particles can not be effective carriers. There should be transformations when non-carriers become carriers. It means that there are modifications in transport equations. Please read next file. "Alternative Explanation for Low Open Circuit Voltage Using Sm-Doped Ceria Electrolytes in Sofcs" http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/vsp/mmms/2007/00000003/00000003/art00008 This report is based on experiments in solid oxide fuell cells. The third discovery of Einstein resulted in transport equations. It seems to be no related with QM or SR(GR). Why could Einstein discover the three different concepts in 1905? Yes, he discovered three connected concepts in 1905. QM and SR(GR) needs the revolution of his third discovery. In my opinion, the modifications is similar with gauge transformation. |
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