Natural Science Forum / Physics / General Physics / May 2008

Introduction:

The most important theoretical achievement of natural sciences is the
old idea of atom. The matter can not be divided endlessly into still
smaller parts. The idea of atom hints that in the world exists a
special spatial scale. It is the scale of atom. Today the physicists
generally belive that all phenomena in the nature will appear from the
effects of quantum level. All phenomena appear from the level of one
scale. The scale is always connected to the space.

What is empty room or space? What kind of structure and properties
does the empty space have? Does the shortest indivisible length exist?
The existence of one special scale refers to grainy space or cell-
structured space. In that case the space can be described with unit
vectors, which generate the cells. This kind of space is absolute, but
it is not the same as Newton’s absolute space. It is not possible to
observe the empty space directly, but it is possible to examine its
structure theoretically. When the space is cell-structured, several
strange quantum effects can be understood or interpreted in a new way.

D-theory is a new interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is based on
the hypothesis, which defines the structure of space. It can be proved
that the so called “local hidden variable theories” are possible, if
they use this hypothesis. The cell-structured space of D-theory is
absolute and will produce the Lorentz transformations. The Theory of
Relativity is based on them. How do the phenomena of classical world
appear from the quantum effects of absolute space? The space model
will give answer to this question, too.

When the mathematics is suitable to describe the effects of nature and
is an abstract part of the world, must the exhaustive physical theory
be able to describe also the basics of mathematics such as the origin
of sets of numbers. The space is also a mathematical concept and the
space combines the physical world to the basics of mathematics.

The physicists have tried to interpret the quantum mechanics over 70
years and no satisfactory interpretation is found. Observer’s
consciousness seems to be a part of the measurement process and a lot
of useless text is witten about it. The model of cell-structured space
gives a new point of view on the role of consciousness in quantum
mechanics. Also another issue in interpretation, the non-locality, is
cleared up with help of the space model and violation of Bell’s
inequality. The non-locality is a strong validity evidence of the used
model. The third issue in interpretation is the wave function of a
particle. It is a mathematical abstraction. It has in Dtheory a direct
connection to absolute space, which is not unique for a macroscopic
observer because of its structure. Thus for example the place of an
undetected free particle is not unique, too. A measurement however
gives to the particle its place in the linear and unique observer’s
space and the wave function of the particle “collapses” simultaneously
everywhere. Different kind of rotations in symmetry spaces are
fundamental in Standard model of quantum mechanics, as well so called
gauge principle. The rotations and gauge principle have direct
connections to the properties of absolute space.

Finally stays left a modest question “What is everything?". D-theory
shows that it is impossible to get answer to this question. One
abstraction stays always left in the model. But only one.

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Pekka Virtanen