Natural Science Forum / Physics / Relativity / November 2004

Clarifications.

Note that the PV theory of Hal Puthoff promoted by Eric Davis in the
USAF report says that black holes do not exist. This is one reason why
Lawrence Kraus labeled the USAF report bogus and crackpot. It is also
why Cliff Will, Matt Visser (who Davis cites significantly in the USAF
report), Bill Unruh and others I talked to at GR 17 reject the PV theory
completely. Sir Martin Rees, British Astronomer Royal and Master of
Trinity College, Cambridge gave ample evidence for the factual status of
black holes as did others.

1. How much energy does it take to make a simple black hole?

Let R be the radius of the total mass M.

The critical energy density T00* to make the black hole of radius r* is
determined from

r* = 2GM/c^2 = 8pi(G/c^4)T00*r*^3

This is an induced curvature of

1/r*^2 = 8pi(G/c^4)T00*

The numbers below give the energy density needed to make a black hole of
size 10^4 cm.

Let r' be the actual radius of the gravitating source (assumed static,
uniform and isotropic for simplicity here in this toy model. Then the
dimensionless black hole parameter is

b = (r'/r)^2 = 8pi(G/c^4)T00*r'^2

The event horizon of infinite redshift where time literally stops is
when b = 1. When b < 1 we have a black hole.

2. The geodesic glider in Earth's atmosphere.

Let M be the mass of the Earth.

M = 6x10^27 grams

GM/c^2 ~ 0.5 cm

That is if the Earth were a black hole its surface area would be only ~
3.14 cm^2 that would fit in the palm of your hand. Of course you would
be crushed out of existence.

When you stand on the surface of rotating Earth at a radius r' = 6x10^8
cm you are a non-inertial observer pushed off the inertial motion
geodesic path in curved spacetime by the electrical reaction forces and
the Pauli exclusion quantum correlations in the material rock beneath
your feet. You feel the inertial g-force proportional to your "weight"
only because of these non-gravity electrical forces and quantum
pressures from Fermi-Dirac statistics of identical particles.

The universal g-acceleration at Earth's surface is

g = GM/r'^2 ~ 10^3 cm/sec^2

Note that

b = ~ 10^18 for Earth.

The radius of curvature at the surface of the Earth induced by the Earth
is r@ where

1/r@^2 ~ GM/c^2r'^3 = g/c^2r'

Note that the Levi-Civita connection that is not a tensor, and that has
zero tensor component, in this LNIF at the surface of the Earth is

(LC)' ~ g/c^2

Paul Zielinski falling off his ladder next to you has (LC) = 0. :-)

Therefore,

r@  = c(r'/g)^1/2 ~ 310^10(6 10^10/10^3)^1/2 ~ 10^13 cm ~ 1 Au

The applied brute force energy density T00@ we need to neutralize the
Earth's (LC)' in the LNIF for the geodesic glider is of order

1/r@^2 = 8pi(G/c^4)T00@ = g/c^2r'

i.e.

T00@ ~ (c^4/8piG)(g/c^2r') = (c^2/8piG)(g/r') ~ (1/8pi)10^28x10^3/6 10^8
ergs/cc

~ 10^21 ergs/cc ~ 10^14 Joules/cc

This corrects my late last night off the top of my lazy dog head instant
estimate below that was too high by a factor of 100.

On Nov 29, 2004, at 9:47 PM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:

There is no way to bend spacetime by brute force because spacetime is
too stiff at the scale of the thickness of the fuselage of the alien birds.

The spacetime stiffness or "string tension" is c^4/G ~  10^19 Gev per
10^-33 cm.

1 Gev is a billion electron volts of energy.

10^19 is 10^7x10^12 = ten million trillion electron volts of energy

10^19 Gev is ten million billion trillion electron volts of energy

The space warp induced curvature factor is

1/(Area of Induced Spacetime Warp) ~ (G/c^4) (Applied Energy Density)

To get your weightless warp drive as allegedly seen in real flying saucers

suppose the saucer is say 100 meters i.e. 10^4 cm

The warp factor around the saucer must be of order

10^-8 cm^-2 = (10^-33 cm/10^19Gev)(Applied Energy Density)

The required energy density for this Hal Puthoff/Eric Davis PV warp
drive metric engineering approach is therefore

(Applied Energy Density) ~ 10^19 Gev x 10^33 x 10^-8 ~ 10^44 Gev/(cubic
centimeter)

That's 10^53 electron volts of energy per cubic centimeter, that ~ 10^34
Joules of energy per cubic centimeter.

That's simply too much for any high voltage circuit to make.

Note that the energy density of a proton is

10^9 ev/(10-13)^3 = 10^9 10^39 = 10^48 ev/cc = 10^30 Joules per cc.

This is the energy density of a neutron star that has the mass of the
entire Sun in a sphere of ~ 10km diameter. The flying saucer needs ten
thousand times more than that following the Puthoff-Davis approach.

It don't work that way quite obviously. The alleged fact that saucers
fly easily through our skies without burning us all to a crisp in Darth
Vader's "Death Star WMD" means there is a kinder gentler way - there is.

Actually the above is really more for a primitive star gate - to
neutralize Earth's 1 g field, i.e. weightless geodesic gliding we only
need 10^-18 of the above energy density in the brute force method. I
will double check this number later as it is late. Manana.

So that's only 10^14 Joules per cc - still quite a lot, but not as bad
as above.

In terms of Poynting EM  flux

That's 10^24 Joules per cm^2 per second or 10^26 watts per square
centimeter. That's still a hell of a lot.