Natural Science Forum / Biology / Evolution / December 2006

Originally published in Science Express on 30 November 2006
Science 22 December 2006:
Vol. 314. no. 5807, pp. 1923 - 1925
DOI: 10.1126/science.1135875

Questions on pubic bones, an item common in the male members of most
tetrapod species. Humans and bonobos don't have any, but this makes
pubic bones even more interesting.
1)   How did pubic bones evolve in tetrapods?

Does anyone here have any opinion on the hypotesis that DNA maynot
be a double helix, but simply two coiled strands, the coding and the
complementary strand, side by side?
   This is discussed at:

Is there any company that will for a small or
modest fee perform a test of my genome for known
genetic diseases? I'd also like to learn what
both of my blood type alleles are. What would

Physorg.com
Shoulder ligament a linchpin in the evolution of flight
Using computer modeling, treadmills and the fossil record, researchers
have shown that the acrocoracohumeral ligament (AHL), a short band of

[moderator's note: This treads VERY close to the line, in my
view, of what is acceptable in this newsgroup. Because it is
simply a book review, I've elected to allow it. I am not going
to allow further discussion of "Design" here. - JAH]

When the first Christians migrated to Europe, they proselytized the
Europeans there.  These Christians, I would think, were mostly speakers
of Chaldean or Aramaic (a language similar to Arabic and Hebrew).
Is this trend noticed using methods of population genetics?

In discussions of bio evo, and classical Darwinism, the role(s) played by
mutations may not be anywhere near as simple and obvious as a casual view
might suggest.
At any rate, new information is always helpful.

Pharmaceuticals
Race-Based Medicine Arrives
Matthew Herper, 05.10.05, 6:00 AM ET
Click here for a slide show of race- and gender-based medical

Which phylum is believed to have emerged most recently?  Were they
all present by the beginning of the Cambrian period?  Alternatively,
is there a phylum that does not appear in the fossil record?

Computer simulations of population genetics --
I am seeking to survey the computer simulations of population genetics
that run forward in time, and that realistically model mutation rates
(with harmful and beneficial mutations), under selection and

Selection for what?
Answer is existence. If not it doesn't exist
The winner is always that which exists over that
which is destroyed. The ultimate selection is for existence.

http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/courses/log/mat-imp.htm
The truth table of material implication:  
p  q
T  T = T  (1)

Edser alone, and only here (sbe), has detailed the charge that Felsenstein's
proposed zero cost of substitution has no Galilean frame of reference.
http://physics.ucr.edu/~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node47.html
I claim that Felsenstein's zero cost of substitution argument remains

I am a chemist, not a troll.  If my question seems stupid, it is sincerely
asked.
It concerns selection.  If there is a population of bacteria some of whom
are resistant to a certain antibiotic, and they are exposed to the