Natural Science Forum / Physics / Particle Physics / June 2010

Which came first?  Gravity or mass?  Without hesitation, I would say
the former.  Okay, the latter should be the graviton but since the
graviton is purely theoretical, we can really only ask the question
with the photon as the latter.  Thus, which came first?  Gravity or

I've been watching a DVD lecture series on quantum mechanics and have
a question about particle entanglement. By way of background, I
started out as a physics major 45 years ago but switched to
mathematics in my junior year, so I remember some of the basics of the

I paid a physicist to critique and query both of my theories for
several weeks. Responding to him, I had to defend and explain both of
my theories better resulting in better written articles.  At the same
time, I decided to make improvements to the theory of distance-time.

A photon is a massless vector (spin-1) paritcle.
In 4-dimensional spacetime it has 2
degrees of freedom (the two polarisation
directions of light).

are there other cases than the binding energy where the rest mass (of
electrons) is decreased or increased by absorbing or emitting photons?
in such case, the rest mass of electrons would not be invariant, am i
right?

I am wondering if there is any way to uniquely idendify every
component of the elements in the universe, even though we might not
know the most elementar particle yet. For an example, if you take 2
water molecules, and charge them with enough energy to break up into a